/*
* All or portions of this file Copyright (c) Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates or
* its licensors.
*
* For complete copyright and license terms please see the LICENSE at the root of this
* distribution (the "License"). All use of this software is governed by the License,
* or, if provided, by the license below or the license accompanying this file. Do not
* remove or modify any license notices. This file is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*
*/
// Original file Copyright Crytek GMBH or its affiliates, used under license.

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "KDTree.h"

class KDTreeNode
{
public:
    KDTreeNode()
    {
        pChildren[0] = NULL;
        pChildren[1] = NULL;
        pVertexIndices = NULL;
    }
    ~KDTreeNode()
    {
        if (!IsLeaf())
        {
            if (pChildren[0])
            {
                delete pChildren[0];
            }
            if (pChildren[1])
            {
                delete pChildren[1];
            }
        }
        else if (GetVertexBufferSize() > 1)
        {
            if (pVertexIndices)
            {
                delete [] pVertexIndices;
            }
        }
    }
    uint32 GetVertexBufferSize() const
    {
        return nVertexIndexBufferSize;
    }
    float GetSplitPos() const
    {
        return splitPos;
    }
    void SetSplitPos(float pos)
    {
        splitPos = pos;
    }
    CKDTree::ESplitAxis GetSplitAxis() const
    {
        if (splitAxis == 0)
        {
            return CKDTree::eSA_X;
        }
        if (splitAxis == 1)
        {
            return CKDTree::eSA_Y;
        }
        if (splitAxis == 2)
        {
            return CKDTree::eSA_Z;
        }
        return CKDTree::eSA_Invalid;
    }
    void SetSplitAxis(const CKDTree::ESplitAxis& axis)
    {
        splitAxis = axis;
    }
    bool IsLeaf() const
    {
        return pChildren[0] == NULL && pChildren[1] == NULL;
    }
    KDTreeNode* GetChild(uint32 nIndex) const
    {
        if (nIndex > 1)
        {
            return NULL;
        }
        return pChildren[nIndex];
    }
    void SetChild(uint32 nIndex, KDTreeNode* pNode)
    {
        if (nIndex > 1)
        {
            return;
        }
        if (pChildren[nIndex])
        {
            delete pChildren[nIndex];
        }
        pChildren[nIndex] = pNode;
    }
    const AABB& GetBoundBox()
    {
        return boundbox;
    }
    void SetBoundBox(const AABB& aabb)
    {
        boundbox = aabb;
    }
    void SetVertexIndexBuffer(std::vector<uint32>& vertexInfos)
    {
        nVertexIndexBufferSize = (uint32)vertexInfos.size();
        if (nVertexIndexBufferSize == 0)
        {
            return;
        }
        if (nVertexIndexBufferSize == 1)
        {
            oneIndex = vertexInfos[0];
        }
        else
        {
            pVertexIndices = new uint32[nVertexIndexBufferSize];
            memcpy(pVertexIndices, &vertexInfos[0], sizeof(uint32) * nVertexIndexBufferSize);
        }
    }
    uint32 GetVertexIndex(uint32 nIndex) const
    {
        if (GetVertexBufferSize() == 1)
        {
            return oneIndex & 0x00FFFFFF;
        }

        return pVertexIndices[nIndex] & 0x00FFFFFF;
    }
    uint32 GetObjIndex(uint32 nIndex) const
    {
        if (GetVertexBufferSize() == 1)
        {
            return (oneIndex & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
        }

        return (pVertexIndices[nIndex] & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
    }

private:
    union
    {
        float splitPos;         // Interior
        uint32 oneIndex;        // Leaf
        uint32* pVertexIndices; // Leaf : high 8bits - object index, low 24bits - vertex index
    };
    union
    {
        uint32 splitAxis;   // Interior
        uint32 nVertexIndexBufferSize;  // Leaf
    };
    AABB boundbox;  // Both
    KDTreeNode* pChildren[2];   // Interior
};

CKDTree::ESplitAxis SearchForBestSplitAxis(const AABB& aabb)
{
    float xsize = aabb.max.x - aabb.min.x;
    float ysize = aabb.max.y - aabb.min.y;
    float zsize = aabb.max.z - aabb.min.z;

    CKDTree::ESplitAxis axis;
    if (xsize > ysize && xsize > zsize)
    {
        axis = CKDTree::eSA_X;
    }
    else if (ysize > zsize && ysize > xsize)
    {
        axis = CKDTree::eSA_Y;
    }
    else
    {
        axis = CKDTree::eSA_Z;
    }

    return axis;
}

bool SearchForBestSplitPos(CKDTree::ESplitAxis axis, const std::vector<CKDTree::SStatObj>& statObjList, std::vector<uint32>& indices, float& outBestSplitPos)
{
    if (axis != CKDTree::eSA_X && axis != CKDTree::eSA_Y && axis != CKDTree::eSA_Z)
    {
        return false;
    }

    outBestSplitPos = 0;

    int nSizeOfIndices(indices.size());

    for (int i = 0; i < nSizeOfIndices; ++i)
    {
        int nObjIndex = (indices[i] & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
        int nVertexIndex = (indices[i] & 0xFFFFFF);

        const CKDTree::SStatObj* pObj = &statObjList[nObjIndex];

        const IIndexedMesh* pMesh = pObj->pStatObj->GetIndexedMesh();
        if (pMesh == NULL)
        {
            continue;
        }

        IIndexedMesh::SMeshDescription meshDesc;
        pMesh->GetMeshDescription(meshDesc);

        if (meshDesc.m_pVerts)
        {
            outBestSplitPos += pObj->tm.TransformPoint(meshDesc.m_pVerts[nVertexIndex])[axis];
        }
        else if (meshDesc.m_pVertsF16)
        {
            outBestSplitPos += pObj->tm.TransformPoint(meshDesc.m_pVertsF16[nVertexIndex].ToVec3())[axis];
        }
    }

    outBestSplitPos /= nSizeOfIndices;

    return true;
}

struct SSplitInfo
{
    AABB aboveBoundbox;
    std::vector<uint32> aboveIndices;
    AABB belowBoundbox;
    std::vector<uint32> belowIndices;
};

bool SplitNode(const std::vector<CKDTree::SStatObj>& statObjList, const AABB& boundbox, const std::vector<uint32>& indices, CKDTree::ESplitAxis splitAxis, float splitPos, SSplitInfo& outInfo)
{
    if (splitAxis != CKDTree::eSA_X && splitAxis != CKDTree::eSA_Y && splitAxis != CKDTree::eSA_Z)
    {
        return false;
    }

    outInfo.aboveBoundbox = boundbox;
    outInfo.belowBoundbox = boundbox;

    outInfo.aboveBoundbox.max[splitAxis] = splitPos;
    outInfo.belowBoundbox.min[splitAxis] = splitPos;

    uint32 iIndexSize = (uint32)indices.size();
    outInfo.aboveIndices.reserve(iIndexSize);
    outInfo.belowIndices.reserve(iIndexSize);

    for (uint32 i = 0; i < iIndexSize; ++i)
    {
        int nObjIndex = (indices[i] & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
        int nVertexIndex = indices[i] & 0xFFFFFF;

        const CKDTree::SStatObj* pObj = &statObjList[nObjIndex];

        const IIndexedMesh* pMesh = pObj->pStatObj->GetIndexedMesh();
        if (pMesh == NULL)
        {
            return false;
        }

        IIndexedMesh::SMeshDescription meshDesc;
        pMesh->GetMeshDescription(meshDesc);

        Vec3 vPos;
        if (meshDesc.m_pVerts)
        {
            vPos = pObj->tm.TransformPoint(meshDesc.m_pVerts[nVertexIndex]);
        }
        else if (meshDesc.m_pVertsF16)
        {
            vPos = pObj->tm.TransformPoint(meshDesc.m_pVertsF16[nVertexIndex].ToVec3());
        }
        else
        {
            continue;
        }

        if (vPos[splitAxis] < splitPos)
        {
            outInfo.aboveIndices.push_back(indices[i]);
            assert(outInfo.aboveBoundbox.IsContainPoint(vPos));
        }
        else
        {
            outInfo.belowIndices.push_back(indices[i]);
            assert(outInfo.belowBoundbox.IsContainPoint(vPos));
        }
    }

    return true;
}

CKDTree::CKDTree()
{
    m_pRootNode = NULL;
}

CKDTree::~CKDTree()
{
    if (m_pRootNode)
    {
        delete m_pRootNode;
    }
}

bool CKDTree::Build(IStatObj* pStatObj)
{
    if (pStatObj == NULL)
    {
        return false;
    }

    m_StatObjectList.clear();

    if (pStatObj->GetIndexedMesh(true))
    {
        SStatObj rootObj;
        rootObj.tm.SetIdentity();
        rootObj.pStatObj = pStatObj;
        m_StatObjectList.push_back(rootObj);
    }

    ConstructStatObjList(pStatObj, Matrix34::CreateIdentity());

    AABB entireBoundBox;
    entireBoundBox.Reset();

    std::vector<uint32> indices;
    for (int i = 0, iStatObjSize(m_StatObjectList.size()); i < iStatObjSize; ++i)
    {
        IIndexedMesh* pMesh = m_StatObjectList[i].pStatObj->GetIndexedMesh(true);
        if (pMesh == NULL)
        {
            continue;
        }

        IIndexedMesh::SMeshDescription meshDesc;
        pMesh->GetMeshDescription(meshDesc);

        for (int k = 0; k < meshDesc.m_nVertCount; ++k)
        {
            entireBoundBox.Add(m_StatObjectList[i].tm.TransformPoint(meshDesc.m_pVerts[k]));
            indices.push_back((i << 24) | k);
        }
    }

    if (m_pRootNode)
    {
        delete m_pRootNode;
    }

    m_pRootNode = new KDTreeNode;
    BuildRecursively(m_pRootNode, entireBoundBox, indices);

    return true;
}

void CKDTree::BuildRecursively(KDTreeNode* pNode, const AABB& boundbox, std::vector<uint32>& indices) const
{
    pNode->SetBoundBox(boundbox);

    if (indices.size() <= s_MinimumVertexSizeInLeafNode)
    {
        pNode->SetVertexIndexBuffer(indices);
        return;
    }

    ESplitAxis splitAxis = SearchForBestSplitAxis(boundbox);
    float splitPos(0);
    SearchForBestSplitPos(splitAxis, m_StatObjectList, indices, splitPos);
    pNode->SetSplitAxis(splitAxis);
    pNode->SetSplitPos(splitPos);

    SSplitInfo splitInfo;
    if (!SplitNode(m_StatObjectList, boundbox, indices, splitAxis, splitPos, splitInfo))
    {
        return;
    }

    if (splitInfo.aboveIndices.empty() || splitInfo.belowIndices.empty())
    {
        pNode->SetVertexIndexBuffer(indices);
        return;
    }

    KDTreeNode* pChild0 = new KDTreeNode;
    KDTreeNode* pChild1 = new KDTreeNode;

    pNode->SetChild(0, pChild0);
    pNode->SetChild(1, pChild1);

    BuildRecursively(pChild0, splitInfo.aboveBoundbox, splitInfo.aboveIndices);
    BuildRecursively(pChild1, splitInfo.belowBoundbox, splitInfo.belowIndices);
}

void CKDTree::ConstructStatObjList(IStatObj* pStatObj, const Matrix34& matParent)
{
    if (pStatObj == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 0, nChildObjSize(pStatObj->GetSubObjectCount()); i < nChildObjSize; ++i)
    {
        IStatObj::SSubObject* pSubObj = pStatObj->GetSubObject(i);
        SStatObj s;
        s.tm = matParent * pSubObj->localTM;
        if (pSubObj->pStatObj && pSubObj->pStatObj->GetIndexedMesh(true))
        {
            s.pStatObj = pSubObj->pStatObj;
            m_StatObjectList.push_back(s);
        }
        ConstructStatObjList(pSubObj->pStatObj, s.tm);
    }
}

bool CKDTree::FindNearestVertex(const Vec3& raySrc, const Vec3& rayDir, float vVertexBoxSize, const Vec3& localCameraPos, Vec3& outPos, Vec3& vOutHitPosOnCube) const
{
    return FindNearestVertexRecursively(m_pRootNode, raySrc, rayDir, vVertexBoxSize, localCameraPos, outPos, vOutHitPosOnCube);
}

AABB GetNodeBoundBox(KDTreeNode* pNode, float vVertexBoxSize, const Vec3& localCameraPos)
{
    AABB nodeAABB = pNode->GetBoundBox();
    float fScreenFactorMin = localCameraPos.GetDistance(nodeAABB.min);
    Vec3 vBoundBoxMin(fScreenFactorMin * vVertexBoxSize, fScreenFactorMin * vVertexBoxSize, fScreenFactorMin * vVertexBoxSize);
    float fScreenFactorMax = localCameraPos.GetDistance(nodeAABB.max);
    Vec3 vBoundBoxMax(fScreenFactorMax * vVertexBoxSize, fScreenFactorMax * vVertexBoxSize, fScreenFactorMax * vVertexBoxSize);
    nodeAABB.min -= vBoundBoxMin;
    nodeAABB.max += vBoundBoxMax;
    return nodeAABB;
}

bool CKDTree::FindNearestVertexRecursively(KDTreeNode* pNode, const Vec3& raySrc, const Vec3& rayDir, float vVertexBoxSize, const Vec3& localCameraPos, Vec3& outPos, Vec3& vOutHitPosOnCube) const
{
    if (!pNode)
    {
        return false;
    }

    Vec3 vHitPos;
    AABB nodeAABB = GetNodeBoundBox(pNode, vVertexBoxSize, localCameraPos);
    if (!pNode->GetBoundBox().IsContainPoint(raySrc) && !Intersect::Ray_AABB(raySrc, rayDir, nodeAABB, vHitPos))
    {
        return false;
    }

    if (pNode->IsLeaf())
    {
        if (m_StatObjectList.empty())
        {
            return false;
        }

        uint32 nVBuffSize = pNode->GetVertexBufferSize();
        if (nVBuffSize == 0)
        {
            return false;
        }

        float fNearestDist = 3e10f;

        for (uint32 i = 0; i < nVBuffSize; ++i)
        {
            uint32 nVertexIndex = pNode->GetVertexIndex(i);
            uint32 nObjIndex = pNode->GetObjIndex(i);

            assert(nObjIndex < m_StatObjectList.size() && nObjIndex >= 0);

            const SStatObj* pStatObjInfo = &(m_StatObjectList[nObjIndex]);

            IIndexedMesh* pMesh = m_StatObjectList[nObjIndex].pStatObj->GetIndexedMesh();
            if (pMesh == NULL)
            {
                continue;
            }

            IIndexedMesh::SMeshDescription meshDesc;
            pMesh->GetMeshDescription(meshDesc);

            Vec3 vCandidatePos(0, 0, 0);
            if (meshDesc.m_pVerts)
            {
                vCandidatePos = pStatObjInfo->tm.TransformPoint(meshDesc.m_pVerts[nVertexIndex]);
            }
            else if (meshDesc.m_pVertsF16)
            {
                vCandidatePos = pStatObjInfo->tm.TransformPoint(meshDesc.m_pVertsF16[nVertexIndex].ToVec3());
            }
            else
            {
                continue;
            }

            float fScreenFactor = localCameraPos.GetDistance(vCandidatePos);
            Vec3 vBoundBox(fScreenFactor * vVertexBoxSize, fScreenFactor * vVertexBoxSize, fScreenFactor * vVertexBoxSize);

            Vec3 vHitPosOnCube;
            if (Intersect::Ray_AABB(raySrc, rayDir, AABB(vCandidatePos - vBoundBox, vCandidatePos + vBoundBox), vHitPosOnCube))
            {
                float fDist = vHitPosOnCube.GetDistance(raySrc);
                if (fDist < fNearestDist)
                {
                    fNearestDist = fDist;
                    outPos = vCandidatePos;
                    vOutHitPosOnCube = vHitPosOnCube;
                }
            }
        }

        if (fNearestDist < 3e10f)
        {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    Vec3 vNearestPos0, vNearestPos0OnCube;
    Vec3 vNearestPos1, vNearestPos1OnCube;
    bool bFoundChild0 = FindNearestVertexRecursively(pNode->GetChild(0), raySrc, rayDir, vVertexBoxSize, localCameraPos, vNearestPos0, vNearestPos0OnCube);
    bool bFoundChild1 = FindNearestVertexRecursively(pNode->GetChild(1), raySrc, rayDir, vVertexBoxSize, localCameraPos, vNearestPos1, vNearestPos1OnCube);

    if (bFoundChild0 && bFoundChild1)
    {
        float fDist0 = raySrc.GetDistance(vNearestPos0OnCube);
        float fDist1 = raySrc.GetDistance(vNearestPos1OnCube);
        if (fDist0 < fDist1)
        {
            outPos = vNearestPos0;
            vOutHitPosOnCube = vNearestPos0OnCube;
        }
        else
        {
            outPos = vNearestPos1;
            vOutHitPosOnCube = vNearestPos1OnCube;
        }
    }
    else if (bFoundChild0 && !bFoundChild1)
    {
        outPos = vNearestPos0;
        vOutHitPosOnCube = vNearestPos0OnCube;
    }
    else if (!bFoundChild0 && bFoundChild1)
    {
        outPos = vNearestPos1;
        vOutHitPosOnCube = vNearestPos1OnCube;
    }

    return bFoundChild0 || bFoundChild1;
}

void CKDTree::GetPenetratedBoxes(const Vec3& raySrc, const Vec3& rayDir, std::vector<AABB>& outBoxes)
{
    GetPenetratedBoxesRecursively(m_pRootNode, raySrc, rayDir, outBoxes);
}

void CKDTree::GetPenetratedBoxesRecursively(KDTreeNode* pNode, const Vec3& raySrc, const Vec3& rayDir, std::vector<AABB>& outBoxes)
{
    Vec3 vHitPos;
    if (!pNode || (!pNode->GetBoundBox().IsContainPoint(raySrc) && !Intersect::Ray_AABB(raySrc, rayDir, pNode->GetBoundBox(), vHitPos)))
    {
        return;
    }

    outBoxes.push_back(pNode->GetBoundBox());

    GetPenetratedBoxesRecursively(pNode->GetChild(0), raySrc, rayDir, outBoxes);
    GetPenetratedBoxesRecursively(pNode->GetChild(1), raySrc, rayDir, outBoxes);
}