/*
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 *
 * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
 * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
 * compatible open source license.
 */

/*
 * Licensed to Elasticsearch under one or more contributor
 * license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright
 * ownership. Elasticsearch licenses this file to you under
 * the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 * not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
/*
 * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
 * GitHub history for details.
 */

package org.opensearch.common.unit;

import org.opensearch.OpenSearchParseException;
import org.opensearch.core.ParseField;
import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.Writeable;
import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.ToXContentFragment;
import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.XContentParser;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * A unit class that encapsulates all in-exact search
 * parsing and conversion from similarities to edit distances
 * etc.
 *
 * @opensearch.internal
 */
public final class Fuzziness implements ToXContentFragment, Writeable {

    public static final String X_FIELD_NAME = "fuzziness";
    public static final Fuzziness ZERO = new Fuzziness(0);
    public static final Fuzziness ONE = new Fuzziness(1);
    public static final Fuzziness TWO = new Fuzziness(2);
    public static final Fuzziness AUTO = new Fuzziness("AUTO");
    public static final ParseField FIELD = new ParseField(X_FIELD_NAME);
    private static final int DEFAULT_LOW_DISTANCE = 3;
    private static final int DEFAULT_HIGH_DISTANCE = 6;

    private final String fuzziness;
    private int lowDistance = DEFAULT_LOW_DISTANCE;
    private int highDistance = DEFAULT_HIGH_DISTANCE;

    private Fuzziness(int fuzziness) {
        if (fuzziness != 0 && fuzziness != 1 && fuzziness != 2) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Valid edit distances are [0, 1, 2] but was [" + fuzziness + "]");
        }
        this.fuzziness = Integer.toString(fuzziness);
    }

    private Fuzziness(String fuzziness) {
        if (fuzziness == null || fuzziness.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("fuzziness can't be null!");
        }
        this.fuzziness = fuzziness.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
    }

    private Fuzziness(String fuzziness, int lowDistance, int highDistance) {
        this(fuzziness);
        if (lowDistance < 0 || highDistance < 0 || lowDistance > highDistance) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "fuzziness wrongly configured, must be: lowDistance > 0, highDistance" + " > 0 and lowDistance <= highDistance "
            );
        }
        this.lowDistance = lowDistance;
        this.highDistance = highDistance;
    }

    /**
     * Read from a stream.
     */
    public Fuzziness(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
        fuzziness = in.readString();
        if (in.readBoolean()) {
            lowDistance = in.readVInt();
            highDistance = in.readVInt();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeString(fuzziness);
        // we cannot serialize the low/high bounds since the other node does not know about them.
        // This is a best-effort to not fail queries in case the cluster is being upgraded and users
        // start using features that are not available on all nodes.
        if (isAutoWithCustomValues()) {
            out.writeBoolean(true);
            out.writeVInt(lowDistance);
            out.writeVInt(highDistance);
        } else {
            out.writeBoolean(false);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Fuzziness} instance from an edit distance. The value must be one of {@code [0, 1, 2]}
     *
     * Note: Using this method only makes sense if the field you are applying Fuzziness to is some sort of string.
     */
    public static Fuzziness fromEdits(int edits) {
        return new Fuzziness(edits);
    }

    public static Fuzziness build(Object fuzziness) {
        if (fuzziness instanceof Fuzziness) {
            return (Fuzziness) fuzziness;
        }
        String string = fuzziness.toString();
        if (AUTO.asString().equalsIgnoreCase(string)) {
            return AUTO;
        } else if (string.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith(AUTO.asString() + ":")) {
            return parseCustomAuto(string);
        }
        return new Fuzziness(string);
    }

    /***
     * Creates a {@link Fuzziness} instance from lowDistance and highDistance.
     * where the edit distance is 0 for strings shorter than lowDistance,
     * 1 for strings where its length between lowDistance and highDistance (inclusive),
     * and 2 for strings longer than highDistance.
     */
    public static Fuzziness customAuto(int lowDistance, int highDistance) {
        return new Fuzziness("AUTO", lowDistance, highDistance);
    }

    private static Fuzziness parseCustomAuto(final String string) {
        assert string.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith(AUTO.asString() + ":");
        String[] fuzzinessLimit = string.substring(AUTO.asString().length() + 1).split(",");
        if (fuzzinessLimit.length == 2) {
            try {
                int lowerLimit = Integer.parseInt(fuzzinessLimit[0]);
                int highLimit = Integer.parseInt(fuzzinessLimit[1]);
                return new Fuzziness("AUTO", lowerLimit, highLimit);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new OpenSearchParseException("failed to parse [{}] as a \"auto:int,int\"", e, string);
            }
        } else {
            throw new OpenSearchParseException("failed to find low and high distance values");
        }
    }

    public static Fuzziness parse(XContentParser parser) throws IOException {
        XContentParser.Token token = parser.currentToken();
        switch (token) {
            case VALUE_STRING:
            case VALUE_NUMBER:
                final String fuzziness = parser.text();
                if (AUTO.asString().equalsIgnoreCase(fuzziness)) {
                    return AUTO;
                } else if (fuzziness.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith(AUTO.asString() + ":")) {
                    return parseCustomAuto(fuzziness);
                }
                try {
                    final int minimumSimilarity = Integer.parseInt(fuzziness);
                    if (minimumSimilarity < 0) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid fuzziness value: " + fuzziness);
                    }
                    switch (minimumSimilarity) {
                        case 0:
                            return ZERO;
                        case 1:
                            return ONE;
                        case 2:
                            return TWO;
                        default:
                            return build(fuzziness);
                    }
                } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
                    // Validate if the fuzziness value is formatted correctly as a numeric value.
                    try {
                        final float minimumSimilarity = Float.parseFloat(fuzziness);
                        if (minimumSimilarity < 0.0f || Float.isInfinite(minimumSimilarity) || Float.isNaN(minimumSimilarity)) {
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid fuzziness value: " + fuzziness);
                        }
                        return build(fuzziness);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid fuzziness value: " + fuzziness);
                    }
                }

            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't parse fuzziness on token: [" + token + "]");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public XContentBuilder toXContent(XContentBuilder builder, Params params) throws IOException {
        builder.field(X_FIELD_NAME, asString());
        return builder;
    }

    public int asDistance() {
        return asDistance(null);
    }

    public int asDistance(String text) {
        if (this.equals(AUTO) || isAutoWithCustomValues()) { // AUTO
            final int len = termLen(text);
            if (len < lowDistance) {
                return 0;
            } else if (len < highDistance) {
                return 1;
            } else {
                return 2;
            }
        }
        return Math.min(2, (int) asFloat());
    }

    public float asFloat() {
        if (this.equals(AUTO) || isAutoWithCustomValues()) {
            return 1f;
        }
        return Float.parseFloat(fuzziness);
    }

    private int termLen(String text) {
        return text == null ? 5 : text.codePointCount(0, text.length()); // 5 avg term length in english
    }

    public String asString() {
        if (isAutoWithCustomValues()) {
            return fuzziness + ":" + lowDistance + "," + highDistance;
        }
        return fuzziness;
    }

    private boolean isAutoWithCustomValues() {
        return fuzziness.startsWith("AUTO") && (lowDistance != DEFAULT_LOW_DISTANCE || highDistance != DEFAULT_HIGH_DISTANCE);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }
        Fuzziness other = (Fuzziness) obj;
        return Objects.equals(fuzziness, other.fuzziness) && lowDistance == other.lowDistance && highDistance == other.highDistance;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(fuzziness, lowDistance, highDistance);
    }
}