/* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*
* The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
* this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
* compatible open source license.
*/
/*
* Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
* GitHub history for details.
*
*  Licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one or more contributor
*  license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
*  this work for additional information regarding copyright
*  ownership. Elasticsearch B.V. licenses this file to you under
*  the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
*  not use this file except in compliance with the License.
*  You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
*  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
*  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
*  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
*  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
*  specific language governing permissions and limitations
*  under the License.
*/

using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using OpenSearch.Net.Utf8Json;

namespace OpenSearch.Client
{
	/// <summary>
	/// A time representation for use within <see cref="DateMath" /> expressions.
	/// </summary>
	[JsonFormatter(typeof(DateMathTimeFormatter))]
	public class DateMathTime : IComparable<DateMathTime>, IEquatable<DateMathTime>
	{
		private const double MillisecondsInADay = MillisecondsInAnHour * 24;
		private const double MillisecondsInAMinute = MillisecondsInASecond * 60;
		private const double MillisecondsInAMonthApproximate = MillisecondsInAYearApproximate / MonthsInAYear;
		private const double MillisecondsInAnHour = MillisecondsInAMinute * 60;
		private const double MillisecondsInASecond = 1000;
		private const double MillisecondsInAWeek = MillisecondsInADay * 7;
		private const double MillisecondsInAYearApproximate = MillisecondsInADay * 365;
		private const int MonthsInAYear = 12;

		private static readonly Regex ExpressionRegex =
			new Regex(@"^
				(?<factor>[+\-]? # open factor capture, allowing optional +- signs
					(?:(?#numeric)(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?)|(?:\.\d+)) #a numeric in the forms: (N, N., .N, N.N)
					(?:(?#exponent)e[+\-]?\d+)? #an optional exponential scientific component, E also matches here (IgnoreCase)
				) # numeric and exponent fall under the factor capture
				\s{0,10} #optional spaces (sanity checked for max 10 repetitions)
				(?<interval>(?:y|w|d|h|m|s)) #interval indicator
				$",
				RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture | RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace);

		private double _approximateSeconds;

		/// <summary>
		/// Instantiates a new instance of <see cref="DateMathTime" /> from a TimeSpan.
		/// Rounding can be specified to determine how fractional second values should be rounded.
		/// </summary>
		public DateMathTime(TimeSpan timeSpan, MidpointRounding rounding = MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)
			: this(timeSpan.TotalMilliseconds, rounding) { }

		/// <summary>
		/// Instantiates a new instance of <see cref="DateMathTime" /> from a milliseconds value.
		/// Rounding can be specified to determine how fractional second values should be rounded.
		/// </summary>
		public DateMathTime(double milliseconds, MidpointRounding rounding = MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) =>
			SetWholeFactorIntervalAndSeconds(milliseconds, rounding);

		/// <summary>
		/// Instantiates a new instance of <see cref="DateMathTime" /> from a factor and interval.
		/// </summary>
		public DateMathTime(int factor, DateMathTimeUnit interval) =>
			SetWholeFactorIntervalAndSeconds(factor, interval, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);

		/// <summary>
		/// Instantiates a new instance of <see cref="DateMathTime" /> from the timeUnit string expression.
		/// Rounding can be specified to determine how fractional second values should be rounded.
		/// </summary>
		public DateMathTime(string timeUnit, MidpointRounding rounding = MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)
		{
			if (timeUnit == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(timeUnit));
			if (timeUnit.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException("Expression string is empty", nameof(timeUnit));

			var match = ExpressionRegex.Match(timeUnit);
			if (!match.Success) throw new ArgumentException($"Expression '{timeUnit}' string is invalid", nameof(timeUnit));

			var factor = match.Groups["factor"].Value;
			if (!double.TryParse(factor, NumberStyles.Any, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var fraction))
				throw new ArgumentException($"Expression '{timeUnit}' contains invalid factor: {factor}", nameof(timeUnit));

			var intervalValue = match.Groups["interval"].Value;
			DateMathTimeUnit interval;

			switch (intervalValue)
			{
				case "M":
					interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Month;
					break;
				case "m":
					interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Minute;
					break;
				default:
					interval = intervalValue.ToEnum<DateMathTimeUnit>().GetValueOrDefault();
					break;
			}

			SetWholeFactorIntervalAndSeconds(fraction, interval, rounding);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// The numeric time factor
		/// </summary>
		public int Factor { get; private set; }

		/// <summary>
		/// The time units
		/// </summary>
		public DateMathTimeUnit Interval { get; private set; }

		public int CompareTo(DateMathTime other)
		{
			if (other == null) return 1;
			if (Math.Abs(_approximateSeconds - other._approximateSeconds) < double.Epsilon) return 0;
			if (_approximateSeconds < other._approximateSeconds) return -1;

			return 1;
		}

		public bool Equals(DateMathTime other)
		{
			if (ReferenceEquals(null, other)) return false;
			if (ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;

			return Math.Abs(_approximateSeconds - other._approximateSeconds) < double.Epsilon;
		}

		public static implicit operator DateMathTime(TimeSpan span) => new DateMathTime(span);

		public static implicit operator DateMathTime(double milliseconds) => new DateMathTime(milliseconds);

		public static implicit operator DateMathTime(string expression) => new DateMathTime(expression);

		private void SetWholeFactorIntervalAndSeconds(double factor, DateMathTimeUnit interval, MidpointRounding rounding)
		{
			var fraction = factor;
			double milliseconds;

			// if the factor is already a whole number then use it
			if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out var whole))
			{
				Factor = whole;
				Interval = interval;
				switch (interval)
				{
					case DateMathTimeUnit.Second:
						_approximateSeconds = whole;
						break;
					case DateMathTimeUnit.Minute:
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAMinute / MillisecondsInASecond);
						break;
					case DateMathTimeUnit.Hour:
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAnHour / MillisecondsInASecond);
						break;
					case DateMathTimeUnit.Day:
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInADay / MillisecondsInASecond);
						break;
					case DateMathTimeUnit.Week:
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAWeek / MillisecondsInASecond);
						break;
					case DateMathTimeUnit.Month:
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAMonthApproximate / MillisecondsInASecond);
						break;
					case DateMathTimeUnit.Year:
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAYearApproximate / MillisecondsInASecond);
						break;
					default:
						throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(interval), interval, null);
				}
				return;
			}

			switch (interval)
			{
				case DateMathTimeUnit.Second:
					milliseconds = factor * MillisecondsInASecond;
					break;
				case DateMathTimeUnit.Minute:
					milliseconds = factor * MillisecondsInAMinute;
					break;
				case DateMathTimeUnit.Hour:
					milliseconds = factor * MillisecondsInAnHour;
					break;
				case DateMathTimeUnit.Day:
					milliseconds = factor * MillisecondsInADay;
					break;
				case DateMathTimeUnit.Week:
					milliseconds = factor * MillisecondsInAWeek;
					break;
				case DateMathTimeUnit.Month:
					if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
					{
						Factor = whole;
						Interval = interval;
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAMonthApproximate / MillisecondsInASecond);
						return;
					}

					milliseconds = factor * MillisecondsInAMonthApproximate;
					break;
				case DateMathTimeUnit.Year:
					if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
					{
						Factor = whole;
						Interval = interval;
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAYearApproximate / MillisecondsInASecond);
						return;
					}

					fraction = fraction * MonthsInAYear;
					if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
					{
						Factor = whole;
						Interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Month;
						_approximateSeconds = whole * (MillisecondsInAMonthApproximate / MillisecondsInASecond);
						return;
					}
					milliseconds = factor * MillisecondsInAYearApproximate;
					break;
				default:
					throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(interval), interval, null);
			}

			SetWholeFactorIntervalAndSeconds(milliseconds, rounding);
		}

		private void SetWholeFactorIntervalAndSeconds(double milliseconds, MidpointRounding rounding)
		{
			double fraction;
			int whole;

			if (milliseconds >= MillisecondsInAWeek)
			{
				fraction = milliseconds / MillisecondsInAWeek;
				if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
				{
					Factor = whole;
					Interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Week;
					_approximateSeconds = Factor * (MillisecondsInAWeek / MillisecondsInASecond);
					return;
				}
			}
			if (milliseconds >= MillisecondsInADay)
			{
				fraction = milliseconds / MillisecondsInADay;
				if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
				{
					Factor = whole;
					Interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Day;
					_approximateSeconds = Factor * (MillisecondsInADay / MillisecondsInASecond);
					return;
				}
			}
			if (milliseconds >= MillisecondsInAnHour)
			{
				fraction = milliseconds / MillisecondsInAnHour;
				if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
				{
					Factor = whole;
					Interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Hour;
					_approximateSeconds = Factor * (MillisecondsInAnHour / MillisecondsInASecond);
					return;
				}
			}
			if (milliseconds >= MillisecondsInAMinute)
			{
				fraction = milliseconds / MillisecondsInAMinute;
				if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
				{
					Factor = whole;
					Interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Minute;
					_approximateSeconds = Factor * (MillisecondsInAMinute / MillisecondsInASecond);
					return;
				}
			}
			if (milliseconds >= MillisecondsInASecond)
			{
				fraction = milliseconds / MillisecondsInASecond;
				if (TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(fraction, out whole))
				{
					Factor = whole;
					Interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Second;
					_approximateSeconds = Factor;
					return;
				}
			}

			// round to nearest second, using specified rounding
			Factor = Convert.ToInt32(Math.Round(milliseconds / MillisecondsInASecond, rounding));
			Interval = DateMathTimeUnit.Second;
			_approximateSeconds = Factor;
		}

		private static bool TryGetIntegerGreaterThanZero(double d, out int value)
		{
			if (Math.Abs(d % 1) < double.Epsilon)
			{
				value = Convert.ToInt32(d);
				return true;
			}

			value = 0;
			return false;
		}

		public static bool operator <(DateMathTime left, DateMathTime right) => left.CompareTo(right) < 0;

		public static bool operator <=(DateMathTime left, DateMathTime right) => left.CompareTo(right) < 0 || left.Equals(right);

		public static bool operator >(DateMathTime left, DateMathTime right) => left.CompareTo(right) > 0;

		public static bool operator >=(DateMathTime left, DateMathTime right) => left.CompareTo(right) > 0 || left.Equals(right);

		public static bool operator ==(DateMathTime left, DateMathTime right) =>
			left?.Equals(right) ?? ReferenceEquals(right, null);

		public static bool operator !=(DateMathTime left, DateMathTime right) => !(left == right);

		public override string ToString() => Factor + Interval.GetStringValue();

		public override bool Equals(object obj)
		{
			if (ReferenceEquals(null, obj)) return false;
			if (ReferenceEquals(this, obj)) return true;
			if (obj.GetType() != GetType()) return false;

			return Equals((DateMathTime)obj);
		}

		// ReSharper disable once NonReadonlyMemberInGetHashCode
		public override int GetHashCode() => _approximateSeconds.GetHashCode();
	}

	internal class DateMathTimeFormatter: IJsonFormatter<DateMathTime>
	{
		public void Serialize(ref JsonWriter writer, DateMathTime value, IJsonFormatterResolver formatterResolver)
		{
			if (value is null) writer.WriteNull();
			else writer.WriteString(value.ToString());
		}

		public DateMathTime Deserialize(ref JsonReader reader, IJsonFormatterResolver formatterResolver) => reader.ReadString();
	}
}